Lihan Taifun (teaching)
AelKennyr Rhiano
Rajani Milton
Shawn Daysleeper
GENITIVE case (“of”, sometimes “from”; indicates origin)
the commands of Manwë
singular: replace -a with -o; otherwise add -o (even to other vowel endings)
plural: add -on to the ordinary accusative plural (-ron after vowel except -ë ; -ron after -ië ; -ion replaces -ë ; -ion after consonant)
POSSESSIVE case (“of”, belonging to)
The boundary between Possessive and Genitive is not always clear.
singular: add -va after a vowel; add -wa after a consonant
plural: replace -ë with -iva; otherwise add -iva
LOCATIVE case (“in”, “on”)
singular: add -ssë after vowels; add -essë after consonants, (except -l and -n, for which add -dë)
plural: add -ssen after vowels; add -issen after consonants (presumably -den after -l and -n)
ABLATIVE case (“from”, “out of”)
singular: add -llo after vowels; add -ello after consonants
plural: add –llon or -llor after vowels; add -illon or -illor after consonants
Either ending is acceptable.
ALLATIVE case (“to”, “into”, “toward”)
singular: add -nna after vowels; add -enna after consonants
plural: add -nnar after vowels; add -innar after consonants
also used idiomatically for “upon” the waves:
INSTRUMENTAL case (“because of”, “using”; indicates the reason or agent which causes)
singular: add -nen after vowels; add -enen after consonants
plural: replace -ë with -inen; otherwise add -inen
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These (plus nominative, accusative, and genitive from Part 1) are all the cases in Quenya. There are no more lurking in the wings.
Tolkien modelled Quenya after Finnish, which has about twice this number of cases.
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Word order is much less important in Quenya than it is in English.
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Eönwe's orders (issued to Eönwë) canwe Eönweva
originating from Alqualondë Alqualondeo (genitive)
travelling from Alqualonde Alqualondello (ablative)
“Refugees from Alqualondë” could be either genitive or ablative.
“I am Olwë from Alqualondë.” Nán Olwë Alqualondeo.
(Just what part of the sentence is “Olwë” in that example? We aren't sure.)
Since the verb for “is” can be left out when the sentence is still understandable without it, you can probably also just say:
“(I am) Olwë from Alqualondë.” Olwë Alqualondeo.
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“Thank you” is “Hantanyel”
hanta- verb “thank”
-nye- subject “I”
-l object “you”
There is not one simple standard way to say “Please” in Quenya.
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dog huo
puppy huincë (probably: “-incë” is the suffix meaning “cute little”)
Find the Alqualonde puppy Á hirë huince Alqualondevo.
sharp maica
dull úmaice (probably: “ú-” is the prefix for “not”)
A collection of “new” Quenya words formed, following the rules of authentic Quenya:
travel lelya-
Olwe goes from Alqualonde to Taniquetil.
Olwë lelya Alqualondello Taniquetilenna.
The city of Rómenna (on the eastern coast of Númenor) comes from “Rómen” (east) and “-nna” (allative - “toward”). (Yes, the correct grammar would be “Rómenenna”, but this is a city name, and “Rómenna” is more pronouncable.)
The city of Rómenna (on the eastern coast of Númenor) comes from “Rómen” (east) and “-nna” (allative - “toward”). (Yes, the correct grammar would be “Rómenenna”, but this is a city name, and “Rómenna” is more pronouncable.)
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parma (book)
singular plural
genitive parmo parmaron originating from a book
possessive parmáva parmaiva belonging to a book
locative parmassë parmassen in a book, on a book
ablative parmallo parmallon, parmallor out of a book
allative parmanna parmannar toward a book, into a book
instrumental parmanen parmainen because of a book, using a book
lassë (leaf)
singular plural
genitive lassëo lassion originating from a leaf
possessive lasséva lassiva belonging to a leaf
locative lassessë lassessen on a leaf
ablative lassello lassellon, lassellor away from a leaf
allative lassenna lassennar toward a leaf
instrumental lassenen lassinen because of a leaf, using a leaf
Atan (Human)
singular plural
genitive Atano Atanion originating from a Human
possessive Atanwa Ataniva belonging to a Human
locative Atandë Atanden in a Human, on a Human
ablative Atanello Atanillon, Atanillor away from a Human
allative Atanenna Ataninnar toward a Human
instrumental Atanenen Ataninen because of a Human
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(your turn)
belonging to Alqualondë
originating from Alqualondë
in Alqualondë
toward Alqualondë
away from Alqualondë
caused by Alqualondë
belonging to Tol Eressëa
originating from Tol Eressëa
in Tol Eressëa
toward Tol Eressëa
away from Tol Eressëa
caused by Tol Eressëa
belonging to home
originating from home
at home
toward home
away from home
caused by home
belonging to ships
originating from ships
on ships
toward ships
away from ships
caused by ships
