Present:
Lihan Taifun (teaching)
Shawn Daysleeper
Siwan Sandalwood
{There was confusion because the time was announced incorrectly. Then Lihan was detained in RL.}
Some Quenya words that might look familiar:
You don't need to memorize these. Just notice that you may have seen these in names before. So you may know a few Quenya words already.
Quenya English Sindarin
aina holy
alda wide spreading tree galadh
alkarë glory, brilliance aglar
alqua swan alf
Anar the Sun Anar
anda long and
ando gate annon
anga iron (metal) ang
anna gift ant
ar- royal, noble, lofty ar-
aran king aran
Atan Human Adan
cala light calad
cuia- to awaken
eär navigable ocean gaer
él star gil
Elda High Elf (eledh = elf)
eressëa isolated ereb
estel hope, trust estel
fëa spirit, soul fae
fir- to die of natural causes fir-
formen north fôr, forod
hyarmen south hâr, hair
ilúvë the Universe, everything
Isil the Moon Ithil
kemen earth, ground coe
lanta- to fall danna-
lassë leaf lass
lasta- to listen lasta-
laurë golden light, gold color glor
lindë singing, a tune lind
londë entrance to harbor lond
lossë fallen snow, snow-white loss
lótë flower loth
lúnë blue lhun
málo friend mellon
malta gold (metal) malt, malad
mando prison band
már home, dwelling bâr
menel sky, heavens, air
mórë darkness môr
nárë fire naur
ndor, -nor land, territory dôr
nén body of water nen
nildo, -ndil friend
nólë knowledge, lore golu
nórë race, people nûr
númen west dûn
olor dream, vision ôl
orko orc orch
palan distant palan
quel- to fade, wither pel-
rómen east rhûn
rondo cave, arched roof rond
saura abominable, putrid thaur
silma silver-colored, shining silef
sinda grey, pale thind
sírë river sîr
soron eagle thôr
súlë wind, breath sûl
tár/tári high king/high queen
tasarë willow tree tathar
taurë forest taur
telpë, telep silver (metal) celeb
tir- to watch tir-
tol steep-sided island toll
vinya new wain
wingë foam, crest of a wave gwing
yávë fruit
númen (west) + -nor (land) → Númenor (a large island to the west of Middle Earth)
rómen (east) → Rómenna (a city on the east coast of Númenor)
(However, “Rohan” comes from a completely different root, one meaning “horse”.)
palan (distant) + tir (to watch) → a device for seeing at a distance
Also notice that the Sindarin basic words are usually closely related to the Quenya. (The Sindarin grammar is however radically different. Are we going to have a class in Sindarin later? Let's survive Quenya first.)
Of words for “south”, the Sindarin Harad is more familiar than Quenya Hyarmen.
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Repeat of the links for downloading dictionaries,
(You have a choice of formats: rtf document, pdf, or html)
The Ambar Eldaron pdf that Shawn is using is one of these formats of the same dictionary.
Repeating links for downloading fonts.
Tencele Latinwa is my favorite “fake Elvish” (English letters that look like Elvish).
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Siwan Sandalwood: I had a question about the pronunciation. Is e always pronounced short? Like at the end of Alqualonde too? (almost like we would say "Alqualonda"?)
Yes
Speaking of pronunciation, if you try to write English in Tengwar letters, like we mentioned last week, you will soon notice that English has more vowel sounds than Quenya has vowel marks. Do the best you can. The writing won't be exact.
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NOUNS
“A” and “The”
A Quenya sentence nearly always has fewer words than the English translation, because a lot of the meaning is incorporated in word endings. Also, because so much of the meaning is carried in word endings, the order of words in a sentence is less critical than in English.
Quenya has no word for “a” or “an”. You don't say “a flower”, just “flower”.
You frequently leave out “the”, too, especially when it is obvious which one is referred to. You would just say “close door” (rather than “close the door”), and assume people know which door to close.
á holta fenda! close (the) door! á (do it!) holta (close) fenda (door)
á ulya limpë! pour (the) wine! á (do it!) ulya (pour) limpë (wine)
If you do want to make a point of “the” door, use i before the noun. (Sometimes “i” becomes “in” or “'n” before a word starting in a vowel; the usage is inconsistent.)
parma a book
i parma The Book
“i” can also be used before a verb, to mean “the one who is (doing)” or “the ones who are (doing)”.
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{Siwan attempts to open the font page in her browser, overloading her internet connection and crashing out of SL.}
Siwan Sandalwood wonders whether there are any quenya curse words for occasions like that ;)
This might be a good place to insert the links to lists of reliable and to unreliable language sites.
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Plural
Quenya has a lot more different kinds of plural, compared to English.
English has only “singular” (one) and “plural” (more than one) forms.
Quenya has “singular” (one),
basic plural (“all the ~”, “~ in general”),
partitive plural (“some ~”, “a group of ~”),
“the (subgroup of) ~ previously mentioned”,
and dual (“a pair of ~”).
For this week's lesson, we will stick to the most basic plural, the one that means "all the (somethings)" or (somethings) in general".
The basic plural (“all the ~”, “~ in general”) is formed by adding either -r or -i.
-r after vowel except -ë
-r after -ië
-i replaces -ë
-i after consonant
Vala --> Valar (as a group)
Atan (Human) --> Atani (Humans, in general)
lassë (a leaf) --> lassi (leaves)
Are all words that end in -r or -i plural? Most are, but not always.
tári (high queen)
Ambar (the World)
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